{"id":273881,"date":"2008-03-28T08:32:25","date_gmt":"2008-03-28T01:32:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/y-nghia-cua-cac-xet-nghiem-tien-san\/"},"modified":"2025-11-08T19:23:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T12:23:51","slug":"y-nghia-cua-cac-xet-nghiem-tien-san","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/y-nghia-cua-cac-xet-nghiem-tien-san\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dd Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c X\u00e9t Nghi\u1ec7m Ti\u1ec1n S\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb thai nhi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00fac mang thai, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho ch\u00fang ta ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi sinh ra. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1edf m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a thai k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

                         H1- Nhau- D\u00e2y r\u1ed1n- T\u1eed cung- Thai <\/strong><\/p>\n

1- HCG<\/strong><\/p>\n

– HCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nhau thai khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ee5 thai.
\n– S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 thai.
\n– L\u01b0\u1ee3ng HCG cao b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111a thai (sanh \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c sanh ba).
\n– HCG c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u00e0o thai.
\n– C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 2 nh\u00f3m: nh\u00f3m 4 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t.
\n– Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 HCG cao trong m\u00e1u m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thai b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u00eam th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng \u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

2- Alphafetoprotein (AFP)<\/strong>
\n– Thai ph\u1ee5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m AFP trong thai k\u1ef3.
\n– X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a thai nh\u01b0 spina bifida (c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4i) ho\u1eb7c thai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u (thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00e3o b\u1ed9= anencephalus).
\n– AFP c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down. AFP<\/strong>, HCG<\/strong>, v\u00e0 estriol<\/strong> khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng l\u00fac g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 3 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t.
\n– Nh\u00f3m 4 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u0111o AFP, HCG, estriol <\/strong>nh\u01b0ng th\u00eam inhibin<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.
\n– C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh (neural tube defects) v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down.
\nKhi tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 AFP v\u00e0 estriol th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 HCG v\u00e0 inhibin, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho th\u1ea5y thai c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

3- Si\u00eau \u00e2m 2 chi\u1ec1u, 3 chi\u1ec1u, 4 chi\u1ec1u<\/strong>
\n– \u0110a s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau \u00e2m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1 l\u1ea7n khi c\u00f3 thai. D\u00f9ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a thai.
\n– Trong l\u00fac si\u00eau \u00e2m b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5, quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m tra tim thai v.v. Ngo\u00e0i ra, si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f2n gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thai.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H2- H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thai tr\u00ean si\u00eau \u00e2m 3D-4D<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

                             H3- H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

4- X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m glucose m\u00e1u<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fac c\u00f3 thai hay kh\u00f4ng? T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf 3-5% ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft khi c\u00f3 thai.<\/p>\n

5- Ch\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng \u1ed1i (Amniocentesis)<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u1edf thai ph\u1ee5 tr\u00ean 35 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao sinh tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 gen ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u00fat m\u1ed9t \u00edt d\u1ecbch \u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a thai nhi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

      H4-<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdc d\u00f2 m\u00e0ng \u1ed1i (a) v\u00e0 (b) L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu nhung mao b\u00e1nh nhau <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

            H5- Ch\u1ecdc d\u00f2 m\u00e0ng \u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

6- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhung mao c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh nhau (Chorionic Villus Sampling= CVS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

H6- V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nhau: \u0110\u00f3ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh sau, th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u1eed cung<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng \u1ed1i, CVS l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thai nhi.
\n– CVS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thai s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng \u1ed1i, gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thai k\u1ef3 s\u1edbm n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb7ng \u1edf thai.
\n– CVS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng \u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00edt d\u1ecbch \u1ed1i).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

                  H7- Nhau v\u00e0 nhung mao nhau<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

   H8- L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu nhung mao nhau qua th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qua c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung<\/strong><\/p>\n

7. Ch\u1ecdc d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n (cordocentesis)<\/strong>
\n– C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u thai (fetal blood sampling) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdc d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n xuy\u00ean qua da ( percutaneous umbilical cord sampling).
\n– Th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u thai nhi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n.
\n– X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u thai nhi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxygen th\u1ea5p trong m\u00e1u thai ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thai nhi b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

– X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho thai nhi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

       H9- Ch\u1ecdc h\u00fat l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H10- Ch\u1ecdc h\u00fat l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n qua da \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/p>\n

{mosimage}<\/p>\n

H11- Ch\u1ecdc h\u00fat l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n qua da khi nhau \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh sau (T) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eed cung (P)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bs. \u0110\u1ed2NG NG\u1eccC KHANH –  BV \u0110a Khoa Ho\u00e0n M\u1ef9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: The Cleveland Clinic Birthing Services and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb thai nhi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00fac mang thai, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho ch\u00fang ta ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi sinh ra. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1edf m\u1ed9t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1249],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-273881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc-y-te"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=273881"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311116,"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273881\/revisions\/311116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=273881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=273881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clients-previewhub.com\/hoanmy_wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=273881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}